Compound-metal object.



J. F. MONNOT.

COMPOUND METAL OBJEGT.

APPLIGATION FILED JULY 16, 1908.

960,372, Patented June 7, 1910.

Inventor:

Atty.s

UNITED STATES PATENT curios.

JOHN F. MONNOT, OF NEW YOIBZK, N. Yl, ASSIGNOB TO DUPLEX METALS COMPANYOF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

COMPOUND-METAL OBJECT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June '7, 1910.

To all whom it my camera:

Be it known that I, JOHN F. MONNOT, a citizen of the United States,residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,have invented certain new and useful Compound-Metal Objects; and I dohereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact descriptionof the same, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to'make and use the same.

My invention relates to compound metal objects comprising oljects havingan inner or body portion comp sed of soft and ductile metal, such ascopper, and a weld-united outer po on of harder and stronger metal,

such as steel. Electrical conductor wire comprising a core ofhigh-conductivity metal, such as copper, and a shell of harder orstronger metal, such as steel, is desirable for many purposes, as itselectrical properties are in many respects different from ordinarycopper wire, or from steel-cored cop per-coated wire, even though thecoppercoating of such wire be quite thick. The steel coated copper wire'ves to a circuit quite a different loading "from that given by anordinary copper wire, or a steel-cored copper wire of equivalent ohmicresistance, thus often maklngnnnecessary the inclusion of specialinductive resistance in the circuit,

or greatly reducing the special inductive resistance required, anddistributing the inductance of the circuit more uniformly over the linethan can be done by the inclusion at intervals of inductive resistance.A steelcladcopper wire having coating and core weld-united at all pointsbetween abutting surfaces, and, therefore, in uniform electrical unionat allsuch points, has different prop verties electrically from asimilar wire in which the two metals are only in mechanical I contactand in which, therefore, the electrical connection between the twometals is less perfect and uniform, not all points between abuttingsurfaces being in'equally good electrical union, allowing thepossibility of local circuits. Where, as is usually the case, there arespots of oxid between the two metals, this is still more likely to takeplace. The steel coated copper wire is also stiffer than the steel-coredcopper wire,rfor correspondamounts of metal, the stronger and stifi'er,steel being in the mechanically formed as herein stronger tubular form,and this greater stifi'ness is, under some conditions, desirable.

The steel coated wire may have its outer 'surface protected-by a thinlayer of copper or other suitable material which will serve to preventoxidation or like chemical attack of the steel surface. Such a thinouter coating will not materially affect the electrical properties ofthe conductor desired for the present purposes.

Steel coated material such as" described may be made most readily byforming an ingot comprising a steel coating and a core of copper orother metal of high conductivity, with or without an outer coating toprotect the outer surface of the steel, according to the methoddescribed in my com panion application of even date herewith, Ser. No.443,7 97 (Patent No. 927 ,(162, dated July 6, 1909) and then extendingthis ingot by the usual methods of working to produce vwire or the likeof the desired size. Such method of forming ingots is illustrated inFigure 1 of the accompanying drawings, in

l which drawings Fig. 1 shows a central vertical section of a mold,pouring funnel, and an ingot therein described; Figs. 2, 3 and 4 showsections of different conductors embodying my present invention.

Referring first to Fig.- 1,1 designates a circular two-part moldprovided with-cooling means 2, which in the instance shown is a hollowjacketthrough which cooling water, oil, etc., are circulated; orcompressed air or other suitable gas may be expanded inthe jacket spacefor the purpose of absorbing. heat. In the construction shown the moldis assumed to be of metal, iron molds being permissible in castingcopper and like metals inside a steel "shell or bel tween a steel shelland the sides of the mold, according to the method referred to. But

in lieu of' a metal mold, a mold of refrac-,

tory material, for example, a mold of homogenized carbon, such asillustrated and described in my application Sr. No. $0,097, (PatentNo.'928,470, dated July 20, 1909) may be used. Suitable means as forexample bands 3 and wedges 4;, as shown, are providedto preventseparation of the sections of the 'mold during the casting, and

until the castmetal has solidified. A sectional mold is employed insteadof the one piece mold commonly used incasting ingots simply because itis desirable 1n many cases that the ingot produced shall have no draftvertically; otherwise a one piece mold would 5 be used. 5 designates ashell or tube of steel or ness. This steel shell, before it is placedin'the ingot mold, may have been thinly coated by dipping it for a briefinterval in supermolten copper or other suitable supermolten coatingmetal, according to the method set forth in my Patent No. 853,716, inwhich patent I have set forth a method of producmg clad metals basedupon the fact that while copper and like metals do not form anyweld-union when contacted at ordinary casting. temperatures with a cleansteel'surface, yet such a weld union is formed when the copper or likemetal with whichzthe steel is contacted is heated to a considerablyhigher temperature, termed by me in said patent, for the sake of a name,the su rmolten temperature. And as set fo in said patent, a steel objectimmersed momentarily in a bath of such supermolten unlike metal and thenwithdrawn under conditions precluding oxidation, will be found covered Iwith a thin welded-on coatin of metal of the supermolten bath, and witthis coating copper and many other metals when cast thereagainst atordinary casting temperatures or slightly higher temperatures, unitereadily and inseparably. Or, the steel shell may have had its surfacetreated with a vapor of zinc or like metal as set forth-in theapplication of W. M. Page Ser. No.

443,339, filed Jul 13, 1908, (Iatent No,

949,837, dated Fe ruary 22, 1910)-s0 producing a surface with .whichmolten copper and like metals vat ordinary casting temperatures willunite readily and inseparal or, the said steel shell may have beenheated to, a very high white heat before it is placed in the mold sothat the molten metal cast within or within and around said shell willbe raised, inthe immediate vicini of said shell, to the supermoltencondition. Or, as an alternative to the above shell, while 111 thesupermolten condition. v 6 designates a suitable pouring tile or funnel,which ma be of-refractory mate rial,-such as fire c a or carbon, ormaybe of metaL- In the particular instance shown the shell 5 is of somewhatsmaller diameter than the interior diameter of the mold, in orderthat'moltenmetal may be cast without 5 as well as within said shell andtherefore the methods, the copper or like metal may becast within, orwithin and around, such ify against such surface t pouring'tile 6 isprovided not only with'a around the shell 5, is preferably east througha dee layer of molten wiping material 9, according'to the methods setforth in my application Sr. No. 391,674 (Patent No. 929,688, datedAugust 3, 1909) and my application Serial No. 443,298 (Patent No.929,687, dated August 3, 1909), .Such molten material removesoxidimpurities an occluded and entrained gases and insures a particularlydense, tough and homogeneous casting, free from blow holes, blebs, etc.;also lfthlS wiping material contains a considerable roportion ofoxid-dissolving ingredient t partly filled with this wiping materialprior to the introduction of the molten metal, the molten metal flowingdown throu h this wiping material as it is cast and so displacing upwardthe wiping material, which is of le'ss specific gravity, said wipingmaterial of the shell 5 and, when metal is cast be- .tween said shelland the sides of the mold, also the mold walls, of oxid or likeimpurities, absorbed gases, etc. A suitable wiping material is ,boraxora mixture of borax and sodium or potassium silicateito which a littlefluor spar may be added. The proportions of the 'ents of the wipingmaterial may be varled as required to proat the temperature at which themolten metal is cast. This wiping material may, if desired, be placed inthe ;mold solid, since themold melt it; or if the shell 5 be laced at awhite heat in the mold, the heat ram this shell will sufiice in generalto melt material placed the mo The shell 5 and the material having beenplaced inthe mold as specified, moltencop or othermetal to form the coreand, an outer coating is desired, to from this shell willsufliceingeneral to melt mold and in passing through the molten wip' .material iscleansed as above deson and caused to contact with the surface of theshell 5, and is rmitted to solidereby welding to said surface. Commonlythe molten metal will be cast in such quantities as notonly tocompletely fill the mold but also to rise somewhat into the passageor-"passages of the pouring funnel-6, and owin to the cove of'moltenwiping mate which mate r ili l is of low heat conductive capacity,

and to the refractory of funnel 6 The metal cast within or within and asit nses progressively freeing the surface duce a material which will'be.freely liqui the first of the molten metal introduced into e mold needbe only head of molten metal within this funnel will be relatively slowto solidify, and so will fill in any spaces left by contraction of themetal below, the hydrostatic pressure due to this. additional helght ofmolten metal and of the wiping material above it further tending toinsure a tough dense cast metal free from blow holes and the like.

If desired, the molten metal cast between the shell 5 and the walls ofthe mold, may be cast after the casting of the metal within said shell,and after such metal within the shell has begun to solidify, theshrinkage of the metal cast outside of the shell 50 tending to force thecontraction of the shell to keep pace with the contraction of'the metalcast within it, and such contraction may be hastened by the circulationof cooling fluid through the jacket 2, the rapid cooling so producedalso improving the quality of the cast metal, if it be copper or likemetal, and preventing any attack of the metal of the mold, if the moldbe of metal, by the. cast metal, ifv the latter be cast at supermoltentemperature; and this rapid cooling further tends to prevent attack ofthe metal of the shell by the cast metal, if the latter be cast atsupermolten temperature, to such extent as to contaminate the castmetal.

The ingot so produced may be worked in the ordinary manner, eitherimmediately after solidification, or after submission to a soakingheating, and may be rolled and drawn down to final size and shape in theordinary manner.

In co-extending the joined metals the softer core metal being compressedinside the steel shell while prevented from lateral yielding orextrusion by its weld-union to such steel, assumes a peculiar hardtexture, analogous to the surface texture of hard drawn wire, increasingits strength materially. M

In Fig. 2 I have shown in enlarged section, a wire so produced,comprising a core 10 of copper or like metal of high conductivlty, acoating 11 of steel and an outer coating 12 of copper or like material.This outer coating may be of any thickness des red. It may be-very muchthinner relatlvely, than as shown in Fig. 2, or it may be very'muchthicker, as shown in Fig. 3. It is not necessarily the same metal asthat of the core 10. In most cases the principal function of this outercoating 12 will be to protect the steel coating 11 from oxidation orlike chemical attack; therefore it may be yery thin. But in many casesthe outer coatmg 12 of non-ferrous metal may be omitted altogether, andin Fig. 4 I have shown such a wire.

The metal may of course be rolled or worked to various shapes other thanthe circular shape illustrated, and I do not limit myself to 'anyparticular shape of the final product.

What I claim is 1. A clad metal article comprising a nonferrous core andan enveloping tubular ferrous metal coating weld-united to each otherand in electrical union at all points of abutting surfaces.

2. A clad metal article comprising a core of cupriferous metal and anenveloping tubular coating of ferrous metal weld-united to each otherand in electrical union at all points of abutting surfaces.

3. A.clad metal article comprising a copper core and an envelopingtubular ferrous metal coating weld-united to each other and inelectrical union at allpoints of abutting surfaces.

4. A clad metal article comprising a nonferrous core and a ferrous metalcoating weld-united to each other, and anothercoating ofnon-ferrousmetal surrounding said ferrous coating.

5. A clad metal article comprising a core of cupriferous metal'and acoating of ferrousmetal weld-united to each other, and another coatingof non-ferrous metal surrounding said ferrous coating.

6. A clad metalarticle comprising a copper core and a ferrous metalcoating weldunited to each other, non-ferrous metal surrounding saidferrous coating.

7. A clad metal article comprising a nonferrous core and a ferrous metalcoating weld-united to each other and another coating of cupriferousmetal surrounding said ferrous coating.

8. A clad metal article comprising a. core of cupriferous metal and acoating of ferrous metal weld-united to each other and another coatin ofcupriferous metal sur rounding said errous' coating.

9. A clad metal article comprising a co per core and a ferrous metalcoating weldunited to each other, and another coating of cupriferousmetal surrounding said ferrous coating.

10. A clad metal arti le comprising a nonferrous core and a ferrousmetal coating weld-united to each other and anothercoat: ing of coppersurrounding said ferrous metal.

11. A clad metal article comprising a core of cupriferous metal and acoating of ferrous metal weld-united to each other and another coatingof copper surrounding said ferrous metal.

12. A clad metal article comprising a 005- I and another coating ofco-extended said joined metals being eleca core or cupperand a tubularcoating of trically united at all points of abutting surferrous metalweld-united and co-extended faces; said joined metals being electricallyunited 14. An extended metal article comprising at all points ofabutting surfaces.

5 a core of cupriferous metal and a tubular In testimony whereof I aflixmy signa- 15 coating of ferrous metal weld-united and ture, in thepresence of two witnesses.

co-extended said joined metals being elec- JOHN F. MONNOT. tricallyunited at all points of abutting sur- Witnesses: faces. H. M. MARBLE,

10 i 15. An extended metal article comprising FRANK E. RAFFMAN.

